Monday, October 30, 2006

Alternative agriculture must unite

Australian agriculture is in crisis. So since when has it not been in crisis? The first colonial farmers nearly starved to death and had to be fed by government handouts. Aborigines, rabbits, drought, wheat rust… always something.

But this latest crisis is different, because the foundations of our agricultural system have been eroded and weakened. This has made us vulnerable to shocks from outside – such as Climate Change.

The foundations of agriculture are the ecosystem, the natural resource base. This is made up of the soil and all the living and dead things it depends upon and that depend upon it, including water, vegetation, microbes, insects and on up the food chain. It’s not being overdramatic to say that the system that sustains the production of food and fibre in this country are breaking down.

Most people don’t know this, even those living and working on the land. But those that do, when they turn to alternative agriculture, find a bewildering array of options. As things get worse, more solutions emerge. There is Holistic Resource Management, Natural Sequence Farming, Biological Farming, Biodynamics, Keyline Farming, Pasture Cropping, Permaculture, Composting, and on it goes. None of them contradicts any other. They are broadly based on the same principle in that they seek to mimic Nature’s processes.

No one of them has risen to sweep all before it and solve all the problems of agriculture. Nor is one of them likely to become the dominant new paradigm, replacing the old system. There are three reasons for this:

1. It takes time for new ideas to become popular. Usually more than a generation. Newton’s physics dominated modern science for 300+ years before Einstein. Old ideas live on long after they’ve lost their relevance.
2. All these alternatives offer a diversity of solutions to he same problem. This diversity divides the already small market into even smaller segments.
3. The market is also diverse. Different styles of regenerative farming will appeal to different types of farmers.

The reality of the marketplace for alternative agriculture is divided in another way: by the users themselves. The tend to mix and match from the selection available, The proponents of these alternatives in many cases either ignore or disparage the others. But they can’t ignore the fact that customers (farmers) will drive the market and the result will be combinations of techniques, each as different as each farm and each farmer.

Here lies the opportunity for alternative agriculture to respond to the marketplace by presenting itself as a whole solution with many parts.

As a collective, the marketplace presence of the whole would far outperform that of the parts. In the same way, the political presence of a body representing the growing ranks of ‘natural’ farmers would tell a different story about agriculture to the government and the community, a story that challenges the stereotype of the farmer as environmental vandal. Instead of a random series of individual events to promote each separate discipline, a jointly-funded ‘trade show’ that visits every farming district and uses effective promotion would give each of the alternatives more exposure to the market than any other option.

Saturday, October 28, 2006

Future Shock has arrived

It’s rarely that a professional cynic, which is what a journalist is, loses their cool and explodes all over the page of a quality newspaper like the Sydney Morning Herald. Paul Sheehan did just that this week. His irritation? The disaster unfolding on farms across Australia and the federal government’s wilful refusal to acknowledge climate change as the underlying cause. (http://www.smh.com.au/news/scorchedearth/we-fiddle-as-the-continent-turns-to-dust/2006/10/22/1161455605817.html)

The canary in the coal mine is “a highly innovative grazing enterprise” called Coombing Park, near Orange. George King “inherited a badly eroded property and turned it into a showpiece, using holistic landcare techniques that are absent from most rural businesses.” But this drought forced him to reduce his stocking rate to 40 per cent of peak capacity. That was last year. This year they are destocking to 20%. That’s below the cost of production. He’s going broke.

“Even the best farmers are suffering now. The bush is dying. The towns, the landscape, the rivers are being killed by this climate change."

City commentators usually chorus, at these times: “Get the old-fashioned cockies off the land.” The assumption is that good management will solve the recurring crises in rural areas will be solved. But now the peak performance farmer is being crushed. And Australian farmers are the best in the world. Their European and American counterparts are payed to get out of bed by their governments.

George King believes this is no ordinary drought. He sees an unusual “compounding effect." It is the Climate Change effect: "As more country is stripped bare and dried out we expose more soil. This is releasing more carbon into the atmosphere. Organic carbon levels are falling, and the soil is losing its colour. There are more fires than ever because the dry summers are adding enormous amounts of carbon into the atmosphere and creating more bare ground.” So when it does eventually rain the topsoil will be washed down the gullies, creeks and rivers.

If George King is in trouble, you can bet everyone else is worse off. Because George uses holistic land management practices that give the soil and grasses the best chance to recover between grazings. But the carbon imbalance is turning grasslands into deserts, he says. "Pretty soon we will be able to see the great deserts from the Great Dividing Range."

Apologists for the Government’s constirpated response to the environemental crisis are still brazenly trotting out their pseudo-scientific explanations and spin. The Institute of Public Affairs’ Jennifer Marohasy is content to say Climate Change can’t be responsible for the drought because some institute on Colorado announced that things should be getting wetter, not drier as the globe warms. (http://www.onlineopinion.com.au/view.asp?article=5076) But even a schoolchild knows that the world’s scientists agree on the following: some parts will get wetter, some will get drier.

Yet her website proclaims: “Concerned that public policy on environmental issues is increasingly driven by moral crusading, rather than objective science or need, Jennifer works to provide an important counterpoint in public debate and discussion.” The morality of continuing to push the “Climate Denial” line of conservative propaganda is breathtakingly bleak. Albert Einstein said repeating the same action over and over while expecting a different result was a definition of insanity. Sheehan explains that these lunatics have been allowed to flourish and peddle their witchcraft because of a failure of political will on the Opposition benches.

Where does that leave us? Stuck with a Prime Minister who will put ideology before the public good? Who had to be dragged kicking and screaming to admit warming is real? Whose government gagged CSIRO scientists when they spoke out about the danger? Whose Government allows the coal mining and power generation industry to write policy for ministers? Who’s government robbed the Australian Greenhouse Office of its independence and brought it in under the Minister of Natural Resources? The same Greenhouse Office which now parrots the Government’s propaganda line: “We are meeting the greenhouse challenge?”

Something has got to give. Refusing to ratify Kyoto is like arguing about he price of lifeboats on the Titanic. The Federal Government must immediately introduce a cap and trade scheme and the markets must immediately settle on an averaging regime for trading soil carbon credits. Because the soil is the only sink which can start sequestering carbon now, which is available in large amounts, and which is inexpensive to use for sequestering.

Route 66: from Chicago to LA

(For those just joining: You are entering Part 3 of the story of an epic journey in search of the Philosopher's Stone, aka. carbon. We are the founders of the Carbon Coalition Against Global Warming, seeking to have the carbon farmers can lock up in soils accepted for carbon credits. We have come to America to discover what measurement methodology the US is likely to run with once it joins the global market so we can start using the same approach. The scientists and experts we met on the study tour are introduced via that link.)

WE ARE LINCOLNED
On to Ohio State University where we stayed in a hotel named after a professor of marketing named Blackwell whose books were on display in the foyer. This was the best hotel experience we had duing our epic journey. The Concierge drove me twice to a camera shop to have my digital download card reader fixed and then replaced. He waited around while I was sold stuff I didn't need, then drove me back, in the hotel's Lincoln Continental. Would not take a tip. And was an interesting man to boot. He and his wife had run an elegant corporate mansion on an estate for 15 years before retiring and travelling for a year. They loved Australia. I invited them to Uamby should they ever reach our shores again. He is an intelligent gent.
In the constant battle to eat American food, I asked one night would the chef accept a challenge - to make a desert out of brie, stewed fruit and pastry. He did it, and it was magnificent. We called it Heckerburn Brie Carbonara. Most of the staff in the hotel were students at OSU, which was refreshing. On the first night, we had a drinks waiter who asked "How are you tonight?" To which I answered "Stuffed. How are you?" He immediately got down on his haunches so we were at face level and repeated, "I'm stuffed, too." He can't have known what 'stuffed' meant, but as a major in Russian Literature and World Politics he had the nouse to figure it out from the context. getting down to our level was a master stroke of service. We were sick of "servile service" by this timeand someone treating us as an equal was just what the Aussies wanted. He is destined to a career in international politics, and he has the first ingredient: the human touch. The hotel was impressive, but inexpensive (thanks Expedia). Professor Lal seemed to think we were living it up staying there. It was part of the Fisher Business School which took the rather unusual position in its marketing of proclaiming that it was ranked 13th in the world by Business Week magazine. Now 13th is not a good look.
Why not choose to frame the ranking around American business schools? They’d at least be top 10. And who ranks Business Week? Fortune would have been better, or the Wall Street Journal. Strange, such clumsy marketing in a hotel named for a marketing ‘guru’. Here at OHU we met Professor Lal, the big kahuna of soil carbon scientists. He was the man we came to see. He gave us 2 books, 1 hour and a half, a lot of help and the thrill of hearing ourselves referred to as 'colleagues' when he was telephoning the CEO of the Chicago Climate Exchange to tee up and appointment for us.
Next stop Chicago, where we stayed in a business hotel out in the boonies, closer to the airport than to town. We encountered no one of enduring interest except Michelle from the japanese Tepenyaki who was one of those Americans who love Australians and gave Louisa a hug and gave us a couple of seats in a crowded restaurant. We also met Mike Walsh (SVP CCX) who offered us a deal on 25,000 acres of no-til soil and an unnamed trade official from an unnamed country who gave us advice as to how to do business in Al Capone's city. He has to be unnamed and unknown because by this time an unnamed government was trying to discourage us from pursuing carbon credits trading in deifiance of its official policy against what it calls 'carbon taxes'.

While in Chicago we ate at a very nice Chinese restaurant across the road from a blues club called the something “mines” where we heard some solo artist playing to an empty room, then two bands in different rooms, laying it down like funkytown. Louisa decided to have a dance, I had my computer in my knapsack and wasn’t inclined to leave it. So she grabbed the nearest guy and danced with him. He was from Baltimore and probably thought his ship had come in. I was able to observe, at dinner, an elderly couple who were having relationship difficulties. They looked cultivated. She had a sweet face and he was bitter about life and his physical infirmities, which meant she had to help him with certain things. He spat at her, without spitting. At one stage she got up to walk out and he said, in a voice like a little boy, "Please don't go." Foolish man.
Finally we flew to San Diego where we had 3 massage treatments at the Chopra Centre in La Costa (a resort) while staying at the Four Seasons Resort. I hated it. Pimp rich. Trump trash. While Mexican maids 'manned' a picket line, hiding their faces and copping abuse from cabbies - for asking for a few bucks an hour or for being Mexican. They did have the foresight to warn us by signs that the place was toxic.
The resort’s haute couture boutique was irreverently called “Peaches En Regalia” which would have Zappa spinning in 10/8 time in his grave. The irony. Has his wife licenced this outrage?
God's contempt for money is evident by the people he gives it to. We enjoyed one trip with a mandolin playing cabbie. But California looks like a movie lot - all those houses clambering over the ridgelines waiting to be shaken off when the fault line tears again. (Long overdure, it will be a big one.)

20 flights in 20 days... whew! America is the most highly evolved material culture in the history of humanity. Some of its people are also highly evolved. Some are not.
Like the guy overheard me criticising the level of moral corruption in the US government system (the streets of Washington are slippery with sleaze) and started taking photos of me with his cell phone (presumably to report me as a terrorist suspect)> I took photos of him to return the favour and he ducked down behind his seat each time.

Final ray of hope for American civilisation. This sweet young girl personing the Kinky Friedman For Governor booth at Texas A&M. She was sitting in the sun, no hat or water. But so sweet, and her boyfriend looked sweet too. After she got through personing, they went off holding hands. Everyone on that campus looked sweet, like they were all in the military. There were 3 normal looking kids there. We got lost walking across campus. Lost in the sweetness of American life and light. Lost in a wilderness of white people being white and black people being black and other people being other colours. We saw no poverty but poverty of spirit. We saw no crime but the crime of neglect. We saw no violence but the violence we do to each other thoughtlessly when we fail to love wholly. We saw no hope but the hope of mankind. We saw no salvation but the salvation of the damned. We saw no end but the ending of all beginnings and the beginning of the end.

God, Please Bless America and all those people we met. Thank you for letting us see a little of your world.

Saturday, October 14, 2006

From LA to DC and back again, Part 2

We flew from College Station to Dallas, Texas and then to Albuqurque, New Mexico to attend the Southwest Sequestration Partnership workshop. We booked in a Marriott Courtyard hotel which managed to lose our laundry and return it item by item. But they had a cook cooking fresh omlettes in the breakfast room - yum! Food was a problem in the US - we couldn't eat a lot of it. But at this hotel we had two good meals: the breakfast omlettes and the Duck Rolls. I asked to see the chef and congratulate him. He was chuffed. We ordered another round of the Chinese delight.




Sitting nearby was a young woman reading a magazine and talking to her friend, one of the waitresses. She called out some facts about Global Warming, and our ears pricked up. It turns out she is reading the recent edition of The Economist we had been searching in all the newsagencies for since we were referred to it by Sue Capalbo, the team leader at the Big Sky Partnership, at Montana State U. She gave it to us. More coincidences, more spooky stuff. We gave her a kangaroo pin. She seemed impressed. Her name was Jessica and she is a prodigious reader.


While in Albuqurque we spent a day with Peter Holter, the director of marketing with Holistic Management International, the organisation set up to promote the decision-making model invented by Allan Savory. It launched rotational grazing into popular consciousness. Peter took us in hand and showed us Old Town in Albuqurque and the rest of the city, especially the domestic building styles. The range towering over the city reminds me of Alice Springs. Peter is a fascinating fellow-refugee from the advertising business. We briefed Peter on the Carbon Coalition because Holistic Management is a basic carbon farming methodology, and we agreed to work together to creat opportunities for HM.
We then took a 5 hour flight via Dallas and Philadelphia to Burlington, Vermont. Hired a car, and drove for an hour north to join Abe Collins and his friends to launch the first overseas chapter of the Carbon Coalition. This was the most personally rewarding part of the journey.
Abe was the first overseas member - he is a share farmer (dairy) at Swanton, Vermont. I will blog the farm on the We loved the energy and passion of Abe and the grounded dynamism of his amazing partner Kailia. She is an artist. They have a We ate real food - fresh organic vegetables and home grown meat, all wonderfully prepared in stock that didn't come from a supermarket. Abe has the fire in the belly. He is widely-read and he has a head full of ideas. He exasperates his wife because he can become so engrossed in his ideas that he forgets her. Ie. he is a normal male. I left a copy of my book lying around and I think he had a look at it... Kailia is a youthful, unflappable, intense person. She could have been one of Joni Mitchell's Ladies of the Canyon, without the cliche West Coast cliches. Her achievements are all around her: Abe, daughter Margo, cat Apple, dog Cider.





Margo is amazingly articulate - she speaks at an adult level. Her genetic pool was a rich one. The do not have television. They read books. They make cider. The live a real life.

We caught a glimpse of Vermont suburban culture when we attended a housewarming cocktail party at Kailia's parents' new home in Swanton. We met real estate agents and doctors and distribution agents and women who home school their children. Kailia's Father is a retired stockbroker. Her Mother is a beautiful woman.
They love Opera and classical music. They have a wonderful view of Lake Champain where the American Navy defeated a British invasion force.

American plans for the War of 1812 included gaining control of Lake Champlain and the Great Lakes. Lieutenant Thomas Macdonough commanded the U.S. naval fleet on Lake Champlain. The two fleets finally met on September 11, 1814. (9/11) Macdonough positioned his fleet in a line with an anchoring system rigged with spring lines that allowed the vessels to be turned end-to-end to bring fresh guns on the opposite side of the ship to bear on the enemy should the guns on the original side become disabled. The two fleets were nearly matched in size and firepower. The battle raged for two and-a-half hours and many died. Thanks to their spring lines the American fleet ultimately defeated the Royal Navy, and the British army returned to Canada.


More to come....

Friday, October 13, 2006

We meet the sweetest people in the USA

We were feeling blocked with the soil carbon campaign. We needed more information, we were getting nowhere. We needed to know the real story. No amount of web surfing was going to tell us what we needed to know. But we can't afford to spend $25,000 on a study tour of the US... I kept putting off contacting the people we wanted to visit until it was too late... and then we went anyway. We were accompanied by Archangel Michael who cleared the path and opened doors for us. We got to meet every expert I had on the list! I report on the experts on the Carbon Coalition blogsite. But we also met some wonderful people who changed our opinion of America. We started in Washington DC where the Concierge had a Marty Feldman eye and John Cleese manner (a la faulty towers) and the most interesting person we met was a squirrel who lived in the oak tree outside our expensive B&B. Then there was Rob from the Bison Farm selling buffalo jerky and steaks and sausages at the farmers' market at Dupont Circuit in Washington (more about his operation in a later post). Rob and his family run - on 200 acres, 100 of it wilderness, a herd of bison, plus goats, pigs, turkeys, chickens, and they slaughter and sell ther meat. They sell on contract to food outlets, by mail order to consumers, and at farmers' markets. This model is tipped to become more popular as agriculture polarises between the 'get big or get out' and "get small and hip". There will be some lovely photos of Rob's operations on the post. After attending a conference in a hotel for 2 days - a gabfest about carbon markets where we met the country's leading movers and shakers, including California Governor Scwarzenegger's environment guy and the senior vp of the Chicago Climate Exchange.
We next flew to Bozeman, Montana to join the Big Sky Sequestration Partnership while they reviewed the last 2 years of operations and planned for the next two years.
At the airport we caught a glimpse of the monstrous trucks the Montanans use to consume more than their share of the world's energy resources and to emit more than their fair share of emissions.
More than half the vehicles on the road were "SUVs" - sports utility vehicles. American-made vehicles do not meet the consumption and emission standards demanded of automotive makers by the Australian Government.
At Boezman we met Jack Morris, a dying breed. He is an agricultural technician or a hired hand. He told us that the good farm land thereabouts was being sold off to lifestyle buyers because the farmers can't make ends meet. He knows 50 farmers, and he's know cases of suicide, marriage breakdown. When we started our conversation he was very negative about carbon credits and climate change. But once he heard about the carbon in agricultural soils, he was converted immediately to our cause. Jack Morris of Boezman, Montana is starting a chapter of the Coalition! (I spilled soup on my shirt at lunch. But we weren't drinking. Just happy.)
Next we went to Texas, to College Station, a town completely dominated by Texas A&M University. There we ate a meal at Applebee's family diner and bar. We drank Maragrita's made for us by Lauren who is a vet science student and is married, though she's only 23 years old. She told us her degree will cost her $60,000 to $80,000. Students have to go far into debt to get an education.
Texas A&M was originally Texas Agricultural and Mechanical College. There were so many people in military uniforms on campus, that it felt like Fort Custer. There were nothing but clean cut kids, happy to be known as "Aggies", and everyone wore the University Tshirts identifying them as either an Aggie or an Aggie Mom, Dad, Sister, Husband, Wife (there was a Tshirt for the entire clan). It was home game Friday when we arrived and town was full of parents come to see their expensive children.
We met up with Robert in Sarge's Army/Navy Surplus across the road from the campus. He knew about rotational grazing, "That's where you move them after 25 days," he said. "I know about that." Not quite, but he was full bottle on perennials and grazing management. He sold me some bootpolish and a brush because my "instant shine" dispenser was confiscated while getting on a plane - in case I blew them up with it. We had lunch at the Kyoto Japanese restaurant, next door. (Spooky.)
Robert wanted to talk, so much so he left his customers standing there with their military haircuts and their Army/Navy Surplus purchases for what seemed like ages while we tried to escape. He was such a nice fella, but we felt kind of bad for his customers. They were all nice people, too. Everyone's nice in America, except the people who criticise the Government. The lady serving in the Italian fast food outlet came around from behind the counter to hug Louisa. "I just love you people," she said. I guess when you go to war with people they feel grateful. I didn't mention that we were against the war, to anyone. In fact we were careful what we said in public because this guy sitting behind me in one of the airports started taking photos of me with his phone after I made remarks about the trouble the Gov ernment was in over a few things... (The newspapers say they are protecting a pedophile Congressman, selling chairmanships of Congressional Committees and allowing judges to take campaign contributions from parties to litigation for whom they were invariably finding. And the media - even Fox News - say the Government tells lies and debauches public institutions. The President's now got the lowest approval rating in history, lower than Richard Nixon, and they are calling him "The Worst President In History". If this is so, he sure has stuffed things up for all these nice people. They won't get out of Iraq without a Viet Nam-sized humiliation. And that's bad for Democracy and Freedom and the American Constitution.) I like President Bush. He may not be too smart. But he's not dumb like everyone says. He's just a Texan. T for Texan, T for Tough, T for T-bone.
T for Trouble. T for Tuxedo.
Look this is taking a whole lot longer than I thought it would and I gotta do some work. We'll pick up at Albuqurque, New Mexico next time. Meanwhile I'll leave you with this view from the window of our hotel in San Diego, of the moon coming up full and bright on another balmy California night.















Thursday, October 12, 2006

Did Man or Climate kill off the Megafauna?

Tim Flannery's revelation that aboriginal peoples drove the megafauna to extinction has been challenged in a book called The Long Summer: How Climate Changed Civilisation, by Brian Fagan.

"Within five centuries [of 11,000BC], the last of the Ice Age megafauna had vanished, killed off by rapidly soaring temperatures and aridity in previously well-watered environments. Although the paleo-Indians may have accelerated the die-out of slow-breeding animals, human predation was at most a secondary cause of extinction."

At the same time, Fagan agrees with Flannery about the impact of man on the landscape: "The firestick was a powerful instrument of environmental change."